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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management doctrines, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This area requires expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to help with the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or highly regarded people. Perth Scientology. Though it has attained some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in lots of nations, Scientology has actually also been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field individuals it views as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in a web survey run by the governmental transition group obtaining public input for the inbound administration.

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State Department my website has slammed Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a business enterprise, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a tough line on individuals and groups who try to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head office located at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and devoted among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever committed by an organization not affiliated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense dedicated by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable my review here conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive tactics in resolving those it sees as trying to suppress them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, original site the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.